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Tuesday, 27 September 2016
health care
The doctors in Catholic hospitals may be unable to refer women to services
Based on interviews with American doctors some Catholic hospitals not only refuse to provide some women's health services like abortion, but may also prevent doctors ...
Monday, 26 September 2016
Burning coal causes more deaths Air pollution in China, the study finds
BEIJING -. coal combustion has the impact most unhealthy of all air pollution source in China and caused 366,000 premature deaths in 2013, the Chinese and US researchers said on Thursday
coal is responsible for about 40 percent of fine particulate matter known as PM deadly of the name 2.5 in the atmosphere of China, according to a study, the researchers released in Beijing.
These figures are consistent with what Chinese scientists said in recent years about the coal combustion industry and its relation to air pollution.
study, which was peer reviewed, was born of a collaboration between Tsinghua University in Beijing, one of the best Chinese research universities and the Health Effects Institute , based in Boston, a research center that receives funding from the protection Agency of the US environment and the global auto industry. Researchers main objective was to identify the main air pollution sources leading to premature deaths in China.
The study attributed 155,000 deaths in 2013 related to the ambient temperature PM2.5 industry burning coal, and 86,500 deaths in the burning of coal in power plants. Fuel combustion of coal and biomass in households was another major cause of the disease this year, resulting in 177,000 deaths, the study concluded.
The researchers also found that transportation was a major cause of mortality related to PM 2.5, with 137,000 deaths attributed to it in 2013 . in recent years, Chinese scientists reported that motor vehicle emissions are the main source of air pollution in cities, but not as great as burning coal. vehicle ownership is increasing rapidly in China, and officials, automakers and oil and gas companies have blurred the establishment of emission standards.
China consumes almost as much coal each year as all other countries combined, and the burning of coal in the country is the largest source of both air pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases, main cause of climate change. Chinese cities are among the most polluted in the world. Northern provinces of China, where steel plants, cement and power are common, have the highest concentrations of PM 2.5 in the country.
But the growth of China's coal consumption began to slow down. Last year there was a slight decline in the use of coal compared to 2014, primarily due to an economic downturn that was faster and deeper than many experts had expected.
In addition, the Chinese government announced plans in 2013, when the popular anxiety about air pollution has reached new heights, to limit the use of coal in the three major centers population in the east. Placing limits on the use of coal is also compatible with the commitments made by President Xi Jinping to try to reduce the effects of climate change.
The new proposed study four possible scenarios based on different government policies, and each projection showed a decrease in PM 2.5 average levels in the coming years.
But summary of the study, the researchers said that "despite these reductions in air pollution, it is expected that the overall burden of health to increase in 2030 due to the aging population and becomes more sensitive to the most closely related to air pollution diseases. "
Even in the strictest policies on the use of coal and energy efficiency, coal should remain biggest contributor to PM 2.5 and the burden of health China in 2030, according to the study.
study was followed by a global burden of Disease study death review in 2013 which estimated that PM2.5 contributed to 2.9 million premature deaths worldwide, with 64 percent of those in China, India and other developing countries in Asia. the premature deaths exposure to PM 2.5 are also high in Eastern Europe. a larger study of 2,013 deaths was published last year by the Lancet, a British medical journal.
This study estimated the number of premature deaths in China in 2013 related to PM 2.5 exposure to 916,000 out of a population of 1.4 billion. The researchers found that air pollution outside is the fifth leading cause of premature deaths in China, behind high blood pressure, smoking, high consumption of sodium and low fruit consumption. air pollution household was the sixth leading cause.
A previous global burden of disease study that examined the health figures for 2010 revealed that air pollution outside contributed to 1.2 million premature deaths, nearly 40 percent of the world total. Exposure to ambient particulate matter this year was the fourth leading cause of premature death in China.
In 2013, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, based in Paris, warned that "urban air pollution is set to become the environmental cause of death worldwide by 2050, in ahead of dirty water and poor sanitation. "He said that nearly 3.6 million people could eventually die prematurely from air pollution every year, mostly in China and India.
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